Level 5
المستوي الخامس من كورس اللغة الإنجليزية |
In / At / on
(position / place) استخدام
حروف الجر مع المكان
In : In a
(in the) : room غرفة, buildingمبنى , shop محل , garden حديقة, park مركن, town مدينة- قرية , country دولة , water ماء , sea بحر , river نهر , row صف, line طابور- خط, armchair كرسي بذراع, mirror مرآة , photograph صورة
فوتوغرافية, picture صورة, street شارع, sky سماء, book كتاب.
Ex: there is no one in the room. / I
prefer to sit in the front row.
In : bed سرير, prison سجن , the hospital مستشفى.
At : at a
(at the) : bus stop(s) محطة اتوبيس, traffic light اشارة مرور, door باب, window شباك, top of the page أعلى الصفحة, bottom of the page أسفل الصفحة , end of the street نهاية الشارع , beginning of the street بداية
الشارع ,
back (front) of a group of people (of a building) مقدمة أو مؤخرة مجموعة
من الناس أو مبنى // party حفلة, concert حفلة
موسيقية,
conference مؤتمر, meeting مقابلة, football match ماتش كورة
Ex: Were there many people at the meeting?
at
: home (the house) منزل, work شغل, school مدرسة, university جامعة, a station محطة, an airport مطار. Ex.: He is at
home هو في البيت
On : on a
(on the) : ceiling سقف, wall حائط, floorأرضية , notice board لوحة
الاعلانات, grass نجيلة, top shelf الرف العلوي, table ترابيزة, chair كرسي, left يسار, right يمين , left (right) hand side الجانب الأيسر (الأيمن) / on her nose على أنفها/ on a page على صفحة //
--- A place is : on the coast على الساحل (on a river على نهر , on a road على الشارع) , or أو ,
on the way to another place على الطريق لمكان آخر //
His house is on the river. بيته يقع على
النهر
--- Corner :
1) In the corner of a room في ركن من
غرفة
2) At / on
the corner of a street على ناصية
شارع .
--- front / back : 1) In the front / back of a car
(or taxi)
2) At the front / back of a group of
people (building مبنى / cinema سينما)
3) On the front / back of a letter
(piece of paper) على وش/ظهر جواب (ورقة)
--- Arrive : 1) In a country or
town.
2) At other places (school , work , the
hotel , the party)
3) Arrive home. يوصل للمنزل
--- The end (the beginning) : 1) At the end of (at
the beginning of) a place or sth. .
Ex: At the end of the street / At the beginning of a book.
2) In the end (in the
beginning) so. did sth. , or , sth. was done ,
Ex: In the end we decided to do it في الآخر قررنا نعمله/
In the beginning I thought I would be able to do it ,
but I couldn't.
في
الأول افتكرت اني ساتمكن من عمله ، لكني
لم أتمكن
--- To (places) : Go
to Egypt , travel to America , go to the bank , return to Europe , fly to
Moscow , walk to work , drive to the airport , sent to prison , taken to the
hospital , go to bed , go to a meeting.
--- Home : go home , at home , come home , get home , arrive
home .
--- Go : on foot على قدميك / by:
car عربة, taxi تاكسي, train قطار , plane طائرة, boat مركب, ship باخرة, bus أوتوبيس, bicycle دراجة, underground مترو الأنفاق .
--- Get :
get in (get out of)
a car , taxi .
Get on
(get off) a train , plane , boat , ship , bus , bicycle , underground.
H.W. Put 4 of the previous words in sentences. Ex.: He got in her car. 1)
________________________ 2)
_________________________ 3)
________________________ 4)
________________________ |
Verbs الأفعال
بالطبع الأفعال هي
أي شئ فيه حركة أو عمل يتم مثل
walk , run , speak ,
eat , write , drink .
أو باسلوب آخر نقول
ان أي كلمة معناها "عمل أو فعل شئ
معين" تكون verb في
حين ان الاسم كان مجرد اسم لأي شخص أو دولة أو أي شئ محسوس أو مادي .. .. .
والأفعال نوعان: 1) transitive متعدي : وهو الذي له
مفعول به ، مثل: He drank water.
2) intransitive لازم : وهو الذي ليس له
مفعول به ، مثل: The water drops.
--- ويوجد أفعال مساعدة Auxiliary verbs ، وهي
التي تساعدنا في : 1) عمل أسئلة. 2)
الاجابة على أسئلة خاصة في النفي. 3) وفي
تكوين أزمنة (tenses). 4) وفي تصريف الأفعال
، وهي :
Be,
have, do, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must
وهي تستخدم : 1) بمعناها كفعل مستقل. 2) وكفعل مساعد ليس له معنى خاص.
Let
us take verb "Work" , with the pronouns, in the present, past and
future
Pronouns |
Present |
Past
|
Future |
I |
Work |
Worked |
Shall work |
You |
Work |
Worked |
Will work |
He |
Works |
Worked |
Will work |
She |
Works |
Worked |
Will work |
It |
Works |
Worked |
Will work |
We |
Work |
Worked |
Shall work |
You |
Work |
Worked |
Will work |
They |
Work |
Worked |
Will work |
H.W. fill the following table in
a similar way to this table with verb "eat"
املأ الجدول التالي
بتفس اسلوب الجدول السابق مستخدما الفعل "يأكل"
Pronouns |
Present |
Past |
Future |
I |
|
Ate |
|
You |
Eat |
|
|
He, She, It |
|
|
|
We |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ومايلي هو كثير من الكلمات المتنوعة مع حروف
جر متنوعة (اصطلاحات ثابتة) ، مع معانيها، وادخالها في جمل :
الاصطلاح |
المعنى بالعربي |
مثال في جملة |
Back
up |
يسند، يأيد |
I
backed up him (him up) in what he said |
Blow
up |
يفجر |
They
want to blow up the car |
Break
down |
يبوظ، يعطل |
The
car broke down yesterday |
Break
in |
يقتحم، يدخل بقوة |
A
gang broke in the bank this morning |
Break
out |
يهرب بقوة |
A
prisoner tried to break out of jail |
Break
up |
يكسر أو يوقف بشدة |
They
broke up all what he had |
Bring
up |
يربي |
She
brought up her children well |
Close
down |
يقفل خالص، يتوقف |
His
factory closed down |
Come
in |
يدخل |
May
I come in? |
Come
down |
ينزل |
After
he had come down of the mountain, he went home |
Come
up |
يصعد، يطلع
ب(فكرة) |
He
came up with a good idea |
Count
on |
يعتمد على |
I
count on your promise |
Cry
out |
يصرخ، يصيح بصوت
عالي |
He
cried out saying "help us" |
Cross
off |
يشطب، يمحو |
They
crossed off his name |
Cut
down |
يقلل |
She
tried to cut down swimming |
Cut
off |
يقطع ويفصل |
He
cut off the book into pieces |
Drive
off |
يسوق لبعيد |
Drive
off this place quickly |
Figure
out |
يفهم، يتخيل |
Try
to figure out what she means |
Fill
in |
يملأ |
Fill
in this form please |
Find
out |
يكتشف، يعرف |
I
can't find out what the cause is |
Get
in |
أدخل |
Get
in the house and bring it to me |
Get
out |
أخرج |
Get
out of my house |
Get
back |
ارجع |
Get
back home and do your homework |
Get
through |
يجتاز، يمر خلال |
Can
you get through this narrow door? |
Go
by |
يمر ب |
When
you go by him, see what he does |
Get
up |
ينهض، يقوم |
Sometimes
I get up before |
Give
away |
يعطي، يتخلص من |
It
is good to give away your old clothes to the poor |
Give
up |
يستسلم، يتوقف |
You
must have hope , don't give up |
Grow
up |
ينمو |
I
grew up in the country |
Hang
up |
يقفل السكة |
He
hung up on me |
Hold
on |
ينتظر |
Hold
on I'll call him |
Lay
before |
يعرض أمام |
Lay
it before him |
Lay
up |
يدخر |
lay
up treasures in heaven |
Let
down |
يخجل |
He
let her down in front of her friends |
Look
at |
ينظر إلي |
Look
at me |
Look
to |
يهتم ب |
He
looked to the reward |
Look
into |
يفحص |
He
looked into family matters |
Look
out |
يحترس، يراقب |
Look
out , it's dangerous |
Look
for |
يبحث عن |
look
for my pen , I can't find it |
Look
up |
يفتش على، يجد |
Loop
up this word in the dictionary |
Look
off |
يودع |
I
want to look him off before he leaves |
Look
about |
ينظر حوله |
Look
about try to find something |
Look
after |
يهتم ب |
She
looked after her father when he was sick |
Pass
away |
يموت |
They
passed away in a bad accident |
Put
off (put out) |
يطفئ |
Put
off the fire |
Send
for |
يرسل في طلب |
We
send for a doctor right after he had fainted |
Speak
up |
يتكلم بصوت عالي |
Speak
up that we may hear |
Take
upon oneself |
يأخذ على عاتقه |
He
takes upon himself to save her |
Wait
at |
يخدم |
She
waits at that table |
Wait
for |
ينتظر |
I've
been waiting for you for 2 hours |
Wait
on |
يخدم |
He
waits on the Lord |
ثم أفعال وكلمات مع أكثر من حرف جر
(أو أكثر من أداة) Phrasal verbs with two Particles
الاصطلاح |
المعنى بالعربي |
مثال في جملة |
Come
up with |
يطلع ب(فكرة) |
He
came up with a good idea |
Keep
up with |
يلاحق، يجاري |
She
couldn't keep up with him when he was running fast |
Look
down upon (on) |
يحتقر، يتعالى علي |
He
looks down on some poor people |
Cut
down on |
يقلل |
She
cut down on smoking |
H.W. Write the Arabic meanings of
any 6 of the previous sentences : 1)
__________________________ 2) ___________________________ 3)
__________________________ 4) ___________________________ 5)
__________________________ 6) ___________________________
|
___
متنوعات
هامة
1) يمكن استخدام shall بدل will والعكس في حالات معينة هي :
---
We put shall instead of will when :
Promise وعد : You shall have the money
very soon.ستأخذ النقود قريبا جدا
Threat تهديد: If you do that again you shall
be punishedاذا فعلت هذا ثانيا ستعاقب
Order (command) أمر، وصية : You shall not steal لا تسرق
Determination تحديد : The enemy shall not pass. العدو لا
يجب ان يمر
---
We put will instead of shall when :
Promise : We
will send them a present. سنرسل لهم
هدية
Willingness تمني، مشيئة : I will pay at the rate you
ask.سأدفع بالمعدل الذي تريده
--- Shall
I? (Shall we?) , has
often the meaning of "Would you like me to ..?" ex:
Shall I open the window?
--- Will you? , has
often the meaning of "Would you like to .. ?"
ex : Will you help me to carry this bag?
2) استخدامات
do (does , did) هي :
ا) لعمل اسئلة questions
:
do
you like it ?
ب) للنفي
negative : no, I do not like it
ج) للتأكيد
for
emphasis : yes, I do like it
د) لتجنب التكرار to avoid repetition
: he likes it and so do I
ه) كنوع من الأدب والذوق for politeness
: please do come
ولشرح النقطة (ج)
أكثر نأتي بثلاث أسئلة فيهم do , does , did والاجابة العادية عنهم ثم الاجابة التي فيها
تأكيد :
السؤال |
الاجابة العادية |
الاجابة التي
فيها تأكيد |
Do you like it? |
Yes, I like it |
Yes, I do like it (Yes, I do. ) |
Does he like it? |
Yes, he likes it |
Yes, he does like it |
Did they like it? |
Yes, they liked it |
Yes, they did like it |